On Task

Author : David Badre
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691234701
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On Task written by David Badre and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain’s critical role in human behavior.

Author : Kevin A. Gluck
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262349434
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Interactive Task Learning written by Kevin A. Gluck and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from a range of disciplines explore how humans and artificial agents can quickly learn completely new tasks through natural interactions with each other. Humans are not limited to a fixed set of innate or preprogrammed tasks. We learn quickly through language and other forms of natural interaction, and we improve our performance and teach others what we have learned. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of new tasks through natural interaction is an ongoing challenge. Advances in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and robotics are leading us to future systems with human-like capabilities. A huge gap exists, however, between the highly specialized niche capabilities of current machine learning systems and the generality, flexibility, and in situ robustness of human instruction and learning. Drawing on expertise from multiple disciplines, this Strüngmann Forum Report explores how humans and artificial agents can quickly learn completely new tasks through natural interactions with each other. The contributors consider functional knowledge requirements, the ontology of interactive task learning, and the representation of task knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction. They explore natural forms of interactions among humans as well as the use of interaction to teach robots and software agents new tasks in complex, dynamic environments. They discuss research challenges and opportunities, including ethical considerations, and make proposals to further understanding of interactive task learning and create new capabilities in assistive robotics, healthcare, education, training, and gaming. Contributors Tony Belpaeme, Katrien Beuls, Maya Cakmak, Joyce Y. Chai, Franklin Chang, Ropafadzo Denga, Marc Destefano, Mark d'Inverno, Kenneth D. Forbus, Simon Garrod, Kevin A. Gluck, Wayne D. Gray, James Kirk, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Parisa Kordjamshidi, John E. Laird, Christian Lebiere, Stephen C. Levinson, Elena Lieven, John K. Lindstedt, Aaron Mininger, Tom Mitchell, Shiwali Mohan, Ana Paiva, Katerina Pastra, Peter Pirolli, Roussell Rahman, Charles Rich, Katharina J. Rohlfing, Paul S. Rosenbloom, Nele Russwinkel, Dario D. Salvucci, Matthew-Donald D. Sangster, Matthias Scheutz, Julie A. Shah, Candace L. Sidner, Catherine Sibert, Michael Spranger, Luc Steels, Suzanne Stevenson, Terrence C. Stewart, Arthur Still, Andrea Stocco, Niels Taatgen, Andrea L. Thomaz, J. Gregory Trafton, Han L. J. van der Maas, Paul Van Eecke, Kurt VanLehn, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Janet Wiles, Robert E. Wray III, Matthew Yee-King

Author : John Antonetti
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1506399150
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Powerful Task Design written by John Antonetti and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2018-03 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applicable to educators across all disciplines and grade levels, this book provides the tools to analyze, design, and refine cognitively engaging tasks of learning.

Author : Craig Lambert
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100087429X
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Role of the Learner in Task-Based Language Teaching written by Craig Lambert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-03 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, forward-looking text is the first holistic research overview and practical methods guide for researching the role that affective and conative factors play in second language learners’ task performance and language acquisition. It provides a long overdue update on the role of the learner in task-based language teaching (TBLT). The book brings together theoretical background and major constructs, established and innovative methodological and technological tools, cutting-edge findings, and illuminating suggestions for future work. A group of expert scholars from around the world synthesize the state of the art, detail how to design and conduct empirical studies, and authoritatively set the agenda for future work in this critical, emerging area of language learning and instructional design. With a variety of helpful features like suggested research, discussion questions, and recommended further readings, this will be an invaluable resource to advanced students and researchers of second language acquisition, applied linguistics, psychology, education, and related areas.

Author : Ali Shehadeh
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027207232
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Task-Based Language Teaching in Foreign Language Contexts written by Ali Shehadeh and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume extends the Task-Based Language Teaching: Issues, Research and Practice books series by deliberately exploring the potential of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in a range of EFL contexts. It is specifically devoted to providing empirical accounts about how TBLT practice is being developed and researched in diverse educational contexts, particularly where English is not the dominant language. By including contributions from settings as varied as Japan, China, Korea, Venezuela, Turkey, Spain, and France, this collection of 13 studies provides strong indications that the research and implementation of TBLT in EFL settings is both on the rise and interestingly diverse, not least because it must respond to the distinct contexts, constraints, and possibilities of foreign language learning. The book will be of interest to SLA researchers and students in applied linguistics and TESOL. It will also be of value to course designers and language teachers who come from a broad range of formal and informal educational settings encompassing a wide range of ages and types of language learners.

Author : James Grange
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199921962
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.66/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Task Switching and Cognitive Control written by James Grange and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One thing that separates human beings from the rest of the animal world is our ability to control behavior by referencing internal plans, goals, and rules. This ability, which is crucial to our success in a complex social environment, depends on the purposeful generation of "task sets"--states of mental readiness that allow each of us to engage with the world in a particular way or achieve a particular aim. This book reports the latest research regarding the activation, maintenance, and suppression of task sets. Chapters from many of the world's leading researchers in task switching and cognitive control investigate key issues in the field, from how we select the most relevant task when presented with distracting alternatives, to how we maintain focus on a task ("eyes on the prize") and switch to a new one when our goals or external circumstances change. Chapters also explore the brain structures responsible for these abilities, how they develop during childhood, and whether they decline due to normal aging or neurological disorders. Of interest especially to scholars and students of cognitive psychology, the volume offers thorough, multi-disciplinary coverage of contemporary research and theories concerning this fundamental yet mysterious aspect of human brain function and behavior.

Author : Dr. George N. Ohakamnu
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1503574288
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Improving On-Task Behaviors in the Classrooms written by Dr. George N. Ohakamnu and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present-day students (regular and special education) have some difficulties remaining on task in the classroom, especially the students classified as the at-risk (learning disabled, behavioral disordered, etc). Therefore, it becomes imperative to design a proactive methodology or strategy that may create on-task behavior while teaching and learning are taking place in the classroom. Note that no one strategy is enough to contain behavior-problem students; hence, the partner-check self-recording strategy was designed to induce on task behavior for a considerable amount of time among elementary school children.

Author : Tilo Strobach
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454533
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.32/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations written by Tilo Strobach and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.

Author : Vicki Hearne
Publisher : Skyhorse
ISBN 13 : 1510704221
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Adam's Task written by Vicki Hearne and published by Skyhorse. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking meditation on our human-animal relationships and the moral code that binds it. Adam's Task, Vicki Hearne’s innovative masterpiece on animal training, brings our perennial discussion of the human-animal bond to a whole new metaphysical level. Based on studies of literary criticism, philosophy, and extensive hands-on experience in training, Hearne asserts, in boldly anthropomorphic terms, that animals (at least those that interact more with humans) are far more intelligent than we assume. In fact, they are capable of developing an understanding of "the good," a moral code that influences their motives and actions. Drawing on an eclectic range of influences—Nietzsche, T. S. Eliot, Disney animal trainer William Koehler, and Genesis from the Bible, among others—Hearne writes in contemplative, exploratory, and brilliant prose as she interweaves personal anecdotes with philosophy. Hearne develops an entirely new system of animal training that contradicts modern animal behavioral research and that, as her examples show, is astonishingly effective. Widely praised, highly influential, and now with a new foreword by New York Times bestselling author Karen Joy Fowler, Adam’s Task will make every trainer, animal psychologist, and animal-lover stop, think, and question.

Author : Gerry McGovern
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1916444601
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Top Tasks: A How-to Guide written by Gerry McGovern and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essence of Top Tasks is a prioritized list of what matters most to customers. You then continuously improve these top tasks based on evidence of customers trying to complete them. Developed as a result of 15 years of research and practice. Implemented by some of the world's largest organizations: Cisco, Microsoft, NetApp, IBM, Google, European Union, Toyota, Tetra Pak, and hundreds more. More than 300,000 customers have participated in Top Tasks studies in over 40 countries and 30 languages.