Standards And Their Stories

Author : Martha Lampland
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801474613
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Standards and Their Stories written by Martha Lampland and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standardization is one of the defining aspects of modern life, its presence so pervasive that it is usually taken for granted. However cumbersome, onerous, or simply puzzling certain standards may be, their fundamental purpose in streamlining procedures, regulating behaviors, and predicting results is rarely questioned. Indeed, the invisibility of infrastructure and the imperative of standardizing processes signify their absolute necessity. Increasingly, however, social scientists are beginning to examine the origins and effects of the standards that underpin the technology and practices of everyday life. Standards and Their Stories explores how we interact with the network of standards that shape our lives in ways both obvious and invisible. The main chapters analyze standardization in biomedical research, government bureaucracies, the insurance industry, labor markets, and computer technology, providing detailed accounts of the invention of "standard humans" for medical testing and life insurance actuarial tables, the imposition of chronological age as a biographical determinant, the accepted means of determining labor productivity, the creation of international standards for the preservation and access of metadata, and the global consequences of "ASCII imperialism" and the use of English as the lingua franca of the Internet. Accompanying these in-depth critiques are a series of examples that depict an almost infinite variety of standards, from the controversies surrounding the European Union's supposed regulation of banana curvature to the minimum health requirements for immigrants at Ellis Island, conflicting (and ever-increasing) food portion sizes, and the impact of standardized punishment metrics like "Three Strikes" laws. The volume begins with a pioneering essay from Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland on the nature of standards in everyday life that brings together strands from the several fields represented in the book. In an appendix, the editors provide a guide for teaching courses in this emerging interdisciplinary field, which they term "infrastructure studies," making Standards and Their Stories ideal for scholars, students, and those curious about why coffins are becoming wider, for instance, or why the Financial Accounting Standards Board refused to classify September 11 as an "extraordinary" event.

Author : Lawrence Busch
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026229785X
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.51/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Standards written by Lawrence Busch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation into standards, the invisible infrastructures of our technical, moral, social, and physical worlds. Standards are the means by which we construct realities. There are established standards for professional accreditation, the environment, consumer products, animal welfare, the acceptable stress for highway bridges, healthcare, education—for almost everything. We are surrounded by a vast array of standards, many of which we take for granted but each of which has been and continues to be the subject of intense negotiation. In this book, Lawrence Busch investigates standards as “recipes for reality.” Standards, he argues, shape not only the physical world around us but also our social lives and even our selves. Busch shows how standards are intimately connected to power—that they often serve to empower some and disempower others. He outlines the history of formal standards and describes how modern science came to be associated with the moral-technical project of standardization of both people and things. Busch suggests guidelines for developing fair, equitable, and effective standards. Taking a uniquely integrated and comprehensive view of the subject, Busch shows how standards for people and things are inextricably linked, how standards are always layered (even if often addressed serially), and how standards are simultaneously technical, social, moral, legal, and ontological devices.

Author : Geoffrey C. Bowker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262522950
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Sorting Things Out written by Geoffrey C. Bowker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-08-25 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions. What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures. In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis. The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.

Author : Andrew L. Russell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107039193
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Open Standards and the Digital Age written by Andrew L. Russell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book answers how openness became the defining principle of the information age, examining the history of information networks.

Author : Susan Ohanian
Publisher : Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book One Size Fits Few written by Susan Ohanian and published by Heinemann Educational Books. This book was released on 1999 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Susan Ohanian recounts her quest to make sense of the Standards educational movement.

Author : Nicholas Tampio
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421424649
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.44/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Common Core written by Nicholas Tampio and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Common Core standardizes our kids’ education—and how it threatens our democracy. The Common Core State Standards Initiative is one of the most controversial pieces of education policy to emerge in decades. Detailing what and when K–12 students should be taught, it has led to expensive reforms and displaced other valuable ways to educate children. In this nuanced and provocative book, Nicholas Tampio argues that, though national standards can raise the education bar for some students, the democratic costs outweigh the benefits. To make his case, Tampio describes the history, philosophy, content, and controversy surrounding the Common Core standards for English language arts and math. He also explains and critiques the Next Generation Science Standards, the Advanced Placement US History curriculum framework, and the National Sexuality Education Standards. Though each set of standards has admirable elements, Tampio asserts that democracies should disperse education authority rather than entrust one political or pedagogical faction to decide the country’s entire philosophy of education. Ultimately, this lively and accessible book presents a compelling case that the greater threat to democratic education comes from centralized government control rather than from local education authorities.

Author : Max Morath
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101203110
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Popular Standards written by Max Morath and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2002-02-05 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every major singer from Frank Sinatra to Christina Aguilera. Every major composer from Irving Berlin to Stephen Sondheim. Every major song from a century of favorites. Every major musician and lyricist. Every major styling from blues, jazz, and country to folk, big band, and rock and roll The most recorded songs of all time. A guide to understanding the "standard" lingo. The evolution of popular music from Tin Pan Alley to contemporary musical theater, and more.

Author : RSMeans
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0876290128
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.25/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Residential and Light Commercial Construction Standards written by RSMeans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A popular reference used daily by builders, contractors, architects, and owners, this guide is a unique collection of industry standards that define quality in construction. For contractors, subcontractors, owners, developers, architects, engineers, attorneys, and insurance personnel, it provides authoritative requirements and recommendations compiled from the nation's leading professional associations, industry publications, and building code organizations. New third edition is completely updated to the latest standards, codes, and trends. Coverage includes standards for concrete, masonry, framing, finish carpentry and cabinetry, insulation, roofing, windows and doors, drywall and ceramic tile, floor covering, plumbing, electrical, HVAC, and more. This one-stop reference is enhanced by helpful commentary from respected practitioners, including identification of items most frequently targeted for construction defect claims. FEATURES: This one-of-a-kind resource enables you to: Establish an acceptable quality of workmanship Resolve disputes and avoid litigation Train personnel in correct installation procedures Answer client questions and authority Easily find applicable building code information The nationwide team of editors includes leading contractors, engineers, architects and construction defect analysts. They provide practical installation tips, along with advice on how to avoid the most frequently cited defect claims.

Author : Margaret Moustafa
Publisher : Teaching Resources
ISBN 13 : 9780545031783
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Exceeding the Standards written by Margaret Moustafa and published by Teaching Resources. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates easy to implement, research-supported, best practices in reading and writing instruction while addressing state standards.

Author : Katja Brøgger
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303000886X
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Governing through Standards: the Faceless Masters of Higher Education written by Katja Brøgger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an empirical and theoretical account of the mode of governance that characterizes the Bologna Process. In addition, it shows how the reform materializes and is translated in everyday working life among professors and managers in higher education. It examines the so-called Open Method of Coordination as a powerful actor that uses “soft governance” to advance transnational standards in higher education. The book shows how these standards no longer serve as tools for what were once human organizational, national or international, regulators. Instead, the standards have become regulators themselves – the faceless masters of higher education. By exploring this, the book reveals the close connections between the Bologna Process and the EU regarding regulative and monitoring techniques such as standardizations and comparisons, which are carried out through the Open Method of Coordination. It suggests that the Bologna Process works as a subtle means to circumvent the EU’s subsidiarity principle, making it possible to accomplish a European governance of higher education despite the fact that education falls outside EU’s legislative reach. The book’s research interest in translation processes, agency and power relations among policy actors positions it in studies on policy transfer, policy borrowing and globalization. However, different from conventional approaches, this study draws on additional interpretive frameworks such as new materialism.