Sufficient Reason

Author : Alexander R. Pruss
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139455095
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Alexander R. Pruss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-20 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.

Author : Daniel W. Bromley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400832632
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Sufficient Reason written by Daniel W. Bromley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the standard analysis of economic institutions--which include social conventions, the working rules of an economy, and entitlement regimes (property relations)--economists invoke the same theories they use when analyzing individual behavior. In this profoundly innovative book, Daniel Bromley challenges these theories, arguing instead for "volitional pragmatism" as a plausible way of thinking about the evolution of economic institutions. Economies are always in the process of becoming. Here is a theory of how they become. Bromley argues that standard economic accounts see institutions as mere constraints on otherwise autonomous individual action. Some approaches to institutional economics--particularly the "new" institutional economics--suggest that economic institutions emerge spontaneously from the voluntary interaction of economic agents as they go about pursuing their best advantage. He suggests that this approach misses the central fact that economic institutions are the explicit and intended result of authoritative agents--legislators, judges, administrative officers, heads of states, village leaders--who volitionally decide upon working rules and entitlement regimes whose very purpose is to induce behaviors (and hence plausible outcomes) that constitute the sufficient reasons for the institutional arrangements they create. Bromley's approach avoids the prescriptive consequentialism of contemporary economics and asks, instead, that we see these emergent and evolving institutions as the reasons for the individual and aggregate behavior their very adoption anticipates. These hoped-for outcomes comprise sufficient reasons for new laws, judicial decrees, and administrative rulings, which then become instrumental to the realization of desired individual behaviors and thus aggregate outcomes.

Author : Abraham Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190096756
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Kant, Hume, and the Interruption of Dogmatic Slumber written by Abraham Anderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kant once famously declared in the Prolegomena that "it was the objection of David Hume that first, many years ago, interrupted my dogmatic slumber." Abraham Anderson here offers an interpretation of this utterance, arguing that Hume roused Kant not (as has often been thought) by challenging the principle that "every event has a cause" which governs experience, but rather by attacking the principle of sufficient reason, the basis of both rationalist metaphysics and the cosmological proof of the existence of God. This suggestion, Anderson proposes, allows us to reconcile Kant's declaration with his later assertion that it was the Antinomy of pure reason - the clash of opposing theses - that first woke him from dogmatic slumber. For the Antinomy suspends the dogmatic principle of sufficient reason; in doing so, Anderson proposes, it is extending Hume's attack on that principle. This reading of Kant also explains why Kant speaks of "the objection of David Hume" after mentioning Hume's attack on metaphysics. The "objection" that Kant has in mind, Anderson argues, is a challenge to metaphysics, rather than to the foundations of empirical knowledge. Consequently, Anderson's analysis issues a new view of Hume himself-as primarily interested, not in the foundations of experience, but in the problem of metaphysics and theology. It thereby positions Kant and Hume as champions of the Enlightenment in its struggle with superstition. Shedding new light on the connection between two of the most influential figures in the history of philosophy, this volume will appeal not only to scholars of Kant, Hume, and early modern philosophy, but to philosophers and students interested in the history of philosophy and metaphysics generally.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780875482019
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1974 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester

Author : F. C. White
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9789004095434
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.38/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On Schopenhauer's Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by F. C. White and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a philosophical commentary on Schopenhauer's "Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason," dealing with each of Schopenhauer's principal topics in turn. It also provides the reader with a general survey of Schopenhauer's later philosophical views and puts them into an historical context

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Newcomb Livraria Press
ISBN 13 : 3989880241
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Fourfold Foundation of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Newcomb Livraria Press. This book was released on with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new 2023 translation of Schopenhauer's 1813 Über die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom zureichenden Grunde, his dissertation which earned him his Ph.D. This is volume I in the Complete works of Arthur Schopenhauer by Newcomb Livraria Press. As Marx’s dissertation on an Epicurean version of Hegelianism defined his entire philosophic-economic project, so Schopenhauer’s dissertation on the Principle of Sufficient Reason defines his entire career. This work was his dissertation for his PhD from the University of Jena (also Hegel's Alma motta). Leibniz's Enlightenment Principle of Sufficient Reason, developed from Aristotelianism’s hybridization with medieval Catholicism immediately following the Great Schism, is the basis of Schopenhauer’s criticisms of Kant and the foundation of his later works. This is a distinct variation which builds out Leibnitz's Monadology in four directions- Becoming, Knowing, Being and Willing.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature: Two Essays" by Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by Karl Mme. Hillebrand, is a philosophical work that delves into profound questions about the nature of existence and human understanding. Schopenhauer's essays explore the concept of sufficient reason and the role of the will in the natural world. The book offers readers a deep and thought-provoking exploration of philosophical ideas and their implications. "On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature" is a challenging yet rewarding read for those interested in philosophical discourse.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107079748
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.48/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Schopenhauer: On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and Other Writings written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of translations unites three shorter works by Arthur Schopenhauer that expand on themes from his book The World as Will and Representation. In On the Fourfold Root he takes the principle of sufficient reason, which states that nothing is without a reason why it is, and shows how it covers different forms of explanation or ground that previous philosophers have tended to confuse. Schopenhauer regarded this study, which he first wrote as his doctoral dissertation, as an essential preliminary to The World as Will. On Will in Nature examines contemporary scientific findings in search of corroboration of his thesis that processes in nature are all a species of striving towards ends; and On Vision and Colours defends an anti-Newtonian account of colour perception influenced by Goethe's famous colour theory. This is the first English edition to provide extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of these works.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Read Books Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1447480953
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1813, this early work by German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer is both expensive and hard to find in its first edition. Originally published as his doctoral dissertation and then later re-published, it outlines his cornerstone arguments on the subject of knowing. This fascinating work is highly recommended for anyone interested in 19th century philosophy and its development. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.72/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: